Covariance Calculator
Math
Calculate covariance with explicit inputs and a worked example.
Formula
sample covariance = Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ)/(n−1)
- Use the units shown beside each field.
- Results update automatically whenever you change an input.
- Displayed values use up to four decimal places, or scientific notation for very small or large numbers. Calculations use standard floating-point arithmetic; exact integer and fraction tools identify their own precision rules.
Example Calculation
Example inputs
- x values: 1, 2, 3
- y values: 2, 4, 6
For 1,2,3 and 2,4,6, sample covariance is 2.
Frequently asked questions
How do I use this calculator?
Enter x values, y values. The result updates automatically. Use Reset to restore the example values.
What method does it use?
sample covariance = Σ(x−x̄)(y−ȳ)/(n−1). Follow the units and definitions shown with the inputs to apply this relationship consistently.
Why might a rounded result differ?
The calculation keeps full numeric precision internally, then rounds the displayed result. Rounding intermediate steps by hand can produce a slightly different answer.
Are my inputs saved online?
No. This calculator processes your inputs in your browser. A recently used list stores only calculator names on this device, not your entered values.
Check the assumptions and units before using this result. Read about calculation methods.